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  • Process
    • Overview
    • Frequently Asked Questions
    • European Energy Charter (1991)
    • Energy Charter Treaty (1994)
      • Energy Charter Treaty
        • Signatories / Contracting Parties
      • Energy Efficiency Protocol
      • Trade Amendment
    • International Energy Charter (2015)
      • Overview
      • 1st Anniversary of The Hague II Conference
    • Review
  • What we do
    • Investment
      • Overview
      • Energy Investment Risk Assessment (EIRA)
      • Industry Advisory Panel
      • The 'Blue Book'
      • Investment Thematic Reports
        • China Investment Report
        • The Energy Charter Investment Facilitation Toolbox
        • The Role of the Energy Charter Treaty in Fostering Regional Electricity Market Integration: Lessons Learnt from the EU and Implications for Northeast Asia
        • Towards Secure and Sustainable Energy Supply in Central Asia: Electricity Market Reform and Investment Protection
        • Taxation of Foreign Investments under International Law: Article 21 of the Energy Charter Treaty in Context (2015)
        • Analysis of Mutual Exchanges of Business Assets within Investment Activities in the Energy Sector (2014)
        • Gobitec and the Asian Supergrid for Renewable Energy Sources in Northeast Asia (2014)
        • Low Carbon Investment (2013)
        • Expropriation Regime under the Energy Charter Treaty (2012)
        • Analysis on Issues Related to Competition under the Energy Charter Treaty (2012)
        • Investment and Market Development in Carbon Capture and Storage: Role of the Energy Charter Treaty (2009)
        • Can Synthetic Fuels Help Alleviate Europe's Petroleum Dependence? An Overview of CTL in Poland (2008)
        • Driving without Petroleum? A Comparative Guide to Biofuels, Gas-to-liquids and Coal-to-liquids as Fuels for Transportation (2007)
        • Investing in Energy Efficiency: Removing the Barriers (2004)
        • Best Practices Guidelines on Restructuring (including Privatisation) in the Energy Sector (2003)
        • Third-party Financing: Achieving its Potential (2003)
      • Investment Climate and Market Structure
        • Investment in Latvia (2015)
        • Investment in Armenia (2015)
        • Investment in Mongolia (2013)
        • Investment in Lithuania (2013)
        • Investment in Kazakhstan (2013)
        • Investment in Moldova (2011)
        • Investment in Poland (2011)
        • Investment in Azerbaijan (2011)
        • Investment in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2011)
        • Investment in Bulgaria (2011)
        • Investment in Tajikistan (2010)
        • Investment in Armenia (2008)
        • Investment in Georgia (2007)
        • Investment in Belarus (2007)
        • Investment in Kyrgyzstan (2007)
        • Investment in Turkey (2007)
        • Investment in Ukraine (2006)
        • Investment in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (2006)
        • Investment in Azerbaijan (2005)
        • Investment in Uzbekistan (2005)
        • Investment in Russian Federation (2004)
        • Investment in Armenia (2004)
      • Investment Promotion Centre
    • Trade and Transit
      • Overview
      • Model Agreements
      • Trade Amendment
      • Regional Energy Task Force
      • Cross Border Pipelines
      • Transit Protocol
      • Trade and Transit Thematic Reports
        • Intergovernmental Agreements and Host Government Agreements on Oil and Gas Pipelines: A Comparison (2015)
        • Energy Transit Activities: a Collection of Intergovernmental Agreements of Oil and Gas Transit Pipelines and Commentary (2015)
        • International Energy Security: Common Concept for Energy Producing, Consuming and Transit Countries (2015)
        • Securing Energy Flows from Central Asia to China and the Relevance of the Energy Charter Treaty to China (2015)
        • Price of Electricity Transit in Transition Countries (2014)
        • Bringing Gas to the Market: Gas Transit and Transmission Tariffs in Energy Charter Treaty Countries - Regulatory Aspects and Tariff Methodologies (2012)
        • Bringing Oil to the Market: Transport Tariffs and Underlying Methodologies for Cross-Border Crude Oil and Products Pipelines (2012)
        • Putting a Price on Energy: Oil Pricing Update (2011)
        • Market Trading Mechanisms for Delivering Energy Efficiency (2010)
        • Russian Gas in China: Complex Issues in Cross-Border Pipeline Negotiations (2010)
        • Putting a Price on Energy: International Coal Pricing (2010)
        • Fostering LNG Trade: Developments in LNG Trade and Pricing (2009)
        • Taxation along the Oil and Gas Supply Chain: International Pricing Mechanisms for Oil and Gas (2008)
        • Fostering LNG Trade: Role of the Energy Charter (2008)
        • Oil Flows and Export Capacity in the Caspian Sea and Black Sea Regions (2008)
        • Putting a Price on Energy: International Pricing Mechanisms for Oil and Gas (2007)
        • From Wellhead to Market: Oil Pipeline Tariffs and Tariff Methodologies in Selected Energy Charter Member Countries (2007)
        • Energy Efficiency and Emissions Trading (2006)
        • The Impact of CO2 Reduction Measures on Energy Trade (2006)
        • Gas Transit Tariffs in Selected ECT Countries (2006)
        • Regional Electricity Markets in the ECT Area (2003)
        • Applicable Trade Provisions of the Energy Charter Treaty (2003)
        • Trade in Energy: WTO Rules Applying under the Energy Charter Treaty (2002)
        • Energy Transit: the Multilateral Challenge (1998)
    • Energy Efficiency
      • Overview
      • Energy Efficiency Thematic Reports
        • Gobitec and the Asian Supergrid for Renewable Energy Sources in Northeast Asia (2014)
        • Market Trading Mechanisms for Delivering Energy Efficiency (2010)
        • Policies that Work: Introducing Energy Efficiency Standards and Labels for Appliances and Equipment (2009)
        • Energy Efficiency in the Public Sector (2008)
        • Policy Developments and Challenges in Delivering Energy Efficiency (2007)
        • Cogeneration and District Heating: Best Practices for Municipalities (2006)
        • Energy Efficiency and Emissions Trading (2006)
        • Integration of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Policies (2005)
        • Investing in Energy Efficiency: Removing the Barriers (2004)
        • Third-party Financing: Achieving its Potential (2003)
        • The Road towards an Energy Efficient Future (2003)
        • Impacts of Market Liberalisation on Energy Efficiency Policies and Programmes (2002)
      • Energy Efficiency Country Reviews
        • In-depth Review of Energy Efficiency Policies and Programmes
          • In-Depth Review of the Energy Efficiency Policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2022)
          • In-Depth Review of the Energy Efficiency Policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2020)
          • In-Depth Review of the Energy Efficiency Policy of Montenegro (2018)
          • In-Depth Review of the Energy Efficiency Policy of Kyrgyzstan (2017)
          • In-Depth Review of the Energy Efficiency Policy of Armenia (2016)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Moldova (2015)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Turkey (2014)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Tajikistan (2013)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Ukraine (2013)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Azerbaijan (2013)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Albania (2013)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Belarus (2013)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2012)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Georgia (2012)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Mongolia (2011)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Slovakia (2009)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Bulgaria (2008)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Latvia (2007)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (2007)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Sweden (2006)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Georgia (2006)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Croatia (2005)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Moldova (2004)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Denmark (2004)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of the Czech Republic (2004)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Turkey (2003)
          • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Estonia (2002)
        • Energy Efficiency Regular Reviews
          • Energy Efficiency in Kyrgyzstan (2011)
          • Energy Efficiency in Jordan (2010)
          • Energy Efficiency in Croatia (2010)
          • Energy Efficiency in Italy (2009)
          • Energy Efficiency in Albania (2008)
          • Energy Efficiency in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2008)
          • Energy Efficiency in Russia (2007)
          • Energy Efficiency in Slovakia (2006)
          • Energy Efficiency in Romania (2006)
          • Energy Efficiency in Kazakhstan (2006)
          • Energy Efficiency in Switzerland (2006)
          • Energy Efficiency in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (2006)
          • Energy Efficiency in Iceland (2005)
          • Energy Efficiency in Armenia (2005)
        • Specific Energy Efficiency Reviews
          • Kazakhstan Review: Energy Saving and Improving Energy Efficiency (2014)
    • Dispute Settlement
      • Overview
      • Amicable Resolution of Disputes
      • Conflict Resolution Centre
      • All Investment Dispute Settlement Cases
      • Access to Travaux Préparatoires
        • Energy Charter Treaty Drafts
    • CONEXO
      • Overview
      • Regional activities
      • Energy Charter Liaison Embassies
    • Knowledge Centre
      • Overview
      • Training Programmes
        • Training Programme - 4-7 November 2019
        • Training Programme - 5-8 November 2018
        • Training Programme - 15-17 October 2018
        • Training Programme - 6-8 November 2017
        • Training Programme: 1-2 June 2017
          • Training Programme Picture Gallery
        • Training Programme - 19-21 October 2016
          • Training Programme Picture Gallery
        • Training Programme: Visegrad+ Session - 17-20 May 2016
          • Training Programme Picture Gallery
          • Register
        • Complex Contract Negotiations Workshop - 3 November 2015
        • Training Programme - 3-6 November 2015
          • Training Programme Picture Gallery
        • Training Programme - 5-8 May 2015
        • Training Programme - 5-7 November 2014
        • Training Programme - 10-13 June 2014
        • Training Programme - 14-16 May 2014
        • Training Programme - 28-30 October 2013
          • Speakers' Biographies
        • Training Programme - 6-8 May 2013
          • Speakers' Biographies
          • Testimonials
          • Pictures
      • Beijing Research Centre
        • The Steering Committee
        • The Head of the Centre
        • The Academic Board
      • Occasional Papers
        • Energy Infrastructure Investments in East Africa and the Relevance of the Energy Charter Treaty
        • Chinese Perspectives on the Modernisation of the ECT
        • The Common Energy Market of the Eurasian Economic Union: Implications for the European Union and the role of the Energy Charter Treaty
        • The Philippines - On The Path Towards Integration Into The Global Energy Markets: The Role Of The Energy Charter Treaty
        • A Rule-Based Architecture for the Energy Sector: The WTO and the ECT
        • Energy in the East African Community: the role of the Energy Charter Treaty
        • The Role of the Energy Charter in Promoting Electricity Cooperation in the South Caucasus
        • Pre-assessment Report of the Mozambican Energy Sector
        • Towards a Cooperative Framework for a China-Central Asia Energy Transit Community
        • Regional Electricity Cooperation in the South Caucasus
        • Mexico's Energy Sector under the Universal Principles of the 2015 International Energy Charter
        • The ECT and ADR in the context of Investor-State and other Disputes
        • The Energy Sector of Niger: Perspectives and Opportunities
        • Electricity Cooperation Opportunities in the South Caucasus: The Role of Georgia
        • Egypt's Energy Sector: Regional Cooperation Outlook and Prospects of Furthering Engagement with the Energy Charter
        • Non-Pecuniary Remedies under the Energy Charter Treaty
        • Securing Energy Flows from Central Asia to China: Relevance of the Energy Charter Treaty
        • Energy Cooperation in Central Europe: Interconnecting the Visegrad Region
        • Towards Secure and Sustainable Energy Supply in Central Asia: Electricity Market Reform and Investment Protection
        • Knitting the Fabric of Regional Governance: Unique Model of the Gulf Cooperation Council
        • South Caucasus Energy Integration: Market Snapshots
        • Russia and the Energy Charter Treaty
        • Pricing of Electricity Transit in Transition Countries
        • Potential Impact of the Energy Charter Treaty on FDI Promotion and Protection in view of Global Trends, Energy Governance and Possible Actions towards ECT Non-Members
        • Exchanges of Business Assets within Investment Activities in the Energy Sector: Key Concepts
        • Testing the Water for Global Energy Governance Reform: Can the Energy Charter Provide a New Benchmark?
      • Infographics
      • Newsletter
    • Energy Charter Award
    • Conference Decisions
  • Who we are
    • Institutions
    • Energy Charter Conference
    • Members & Observers
    • Subsidiary Bodies
      • Overview
      • Strategy Group
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        • Technical Subgroup on Transit
          • Technical Subgoup on Transit Meeting - 24 October 2018
          • Technical Subgoup on Transit Meeting - 16 May 2018
      • Budget Committee
      • Legal Advisory Committee
        • Legal Advisory Committee - 25 July 2014
        • Legal Advisory Committee - 26 September 2013
        • Legal Advisory Committee - 16 April 2013
        • Legal Advisory Committee - 29 January 2013
    • Industry Advisory Panel
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    • Secretariat
      • Overview
        • National Contributions
        • Annual Reports
        • Research Fellowships
        • Seconded Experts
        • Staff on Loan
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      • Secretary General
        • Atsuko Hirose (2024-present)
        • Guy Lentz (2022-2024)
        • Urban Rusnák (2012-2021)
        • André Mernier (2006-2011)
        • Ria Kemper (2000-2005)
        • Peter Schütterle (1996-1999)
        • Clive Jones (1991-1995)
      • Deputy Secretary General
      • Jobs/Vacancies
  • Media
    • All News
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    • External Media
  • Contact
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Updated on 18 September 2020

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