Mr. Juan Fernández-Armesto, Partner, Armesto & Asociados, addressed the impact of investor-state arbitration on states, as well as the issue of high costs for investor-state arbitration.

Mr. Alejandro A. Escobar, Partner, Baker Botts, analysed the concepts of "investor" and "investment" under the Energy Charter Treaty.

Mr. Matthew Secomb, Partner, White & Case, explored the possibility of claims by state enterprises in the context of Energy Charter Treaty investor-state arbitration.